James Buchanan sent federal troops led by Colonel Robert E. He raided Harper’s Ferry in Virginia together with twenty men, including five blacks, to establish an abolitionist republic. John Brown was a fiery abolitionist and prompted the rouse of slave revolt by arming them with guns and spears to initiate an all-out war with the whites. On March 12, 1859, many southern slave owners attended the Southern Commercial Convention held in Vicksburg, Mississippi, which intends to promote the economic development of the South however, they advocated the reopening of the African slave trade however, the Congress banned the slave trade in 1808.
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He successfully negotiated the Treaty of Tientsin, which granted American diplomats to live in Peking, reduce American goods’ tariff levels, and assured the free exercise of faith by foreigners in China. His ambition to acquire Cuba and Mexico was obstructed in the Congress, where antislavery advocates strongly opposed the procurement of new slave territory.Īlso, James Buchanan commissioned William Bradford Reed as Minister to China. James Buchanan’s foreign plan concentrated on the Caribbean, where he hoped to annex Cuba and worried many Northerners due to the possibility of making it an arena to expand slavery. On February 14, 1859, Oregon was admitted as the thirty-third state in the Union. The approval of Congress was delayed for several months because of the Kansas controversy. On May 11, 1858, Minnesota was admitted by the Republican-controlled Congress as the thirty-second state and a free state. He successfully changed the governor, ended the Utah War, and granted all residents who would respect the government’s authority. Soon, James Buchanan dispatched Thomas L. He even harassed federal officials and dispelled outsiders from settling in Salt Lake Area.Įventually, the Mormons rebelled against the United States and forced James Buchanan to send an army in November 1857 to replace Brigham Young with a non-Mormon governor. During the leadership of Brigham Young, Mormons became hostile towards federal intervention. Many Mormons settled in Utah decades before James Buchanan preceded in the White House.
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During his administration, there were a series of violent negotiations known as the “Bleeding Kansas.” Kansas rejected it, and on January 29, 1861, it was admitted to the Union as a free state. James Buchanan attempted to persuade Kansas voters to favor and accept the Lecompton Constitution, which would permit slavery in the Kansas territory. It led the country to divide further because of the Republicans’ political system, antislavery advocates, and the Democrats, who attempted to defend slavery and states’ rights.
He appointed moderates as his cabinet members to avoid sectional extremists with an aggressive plan to reduce the tension. It made the beginning of his presidency bitter and rough. The court decision was strongly influenced by James Buchanan, who urged the north to join the southern members, without realizing that it would implicate in the decision and be criticized by those who opposed it.
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He claimed that moving to a Free State and territory made him a free man.ĭred Scott was not recognized as a citizen of the United States of America because of his skin color. His owner took Dred Scott to Illinois and Wisconsin Territory with his owner, an army surgeon. Two days after James Buchanan was inaugurated, the United States Supreme Court rendered its decision over the case of Dred Scott. During his tenure, he presided over a rapidly dividing nation thus, he failed to understand that Northern states would never accept any constitutional arguments favoring the South, which could have averted the Civil War. He was a Democrat from Pennsylvania and was inaugurated on March 4, 1857.
James Buchanan served as the fifteenth president of the United States of America from 1857 until 1861.